Problem
A problem is an obstacle, impediment, difficulty or challenge, or any situation that invites resolution; the resolution of which is recognized as a solution or contribution toward a known purpose or goal. A problem implies a desired outcome coupled with an apparent deficiency, doubt or inconsistency that prevents the outcome from taking place.
Problem solving
Every theoretical problem asks for an answer or solution. Trying to find a solution to a problem is known as problem solving. There are many standard techniques for problem solving, such as Proof by Contradiction, or Proof by Exhaustion, the latter famously being used in the solution to the Thirty-Six Officers Problem posed by Leonhard Euler. A problem is a gap between an actual and desired situation. The time it takes to solve a problem is a way of measuring complexity.[1] Many problems have no discovered solution and are therefore classified as an open problem.
From the mid 20th century, the field of theoretical computer science has explored the use of computers to solve problems.
Examples
- Mathematical problem is a question about mathematical objects and structures that may require a distinct answer or explanation or proof. Examples include word problems at school level or deeper problems such as shading a map with only four colours.
- In society, a problem can refer to particular social issues, which if solved would yield social benefits, such as increased harmony or productivity, and conversely diminished hostility and disruption.
- In business and engineering, a problem is a difference between actual conditions and those that are required or desired. Often, the causes of a problem are not known, in which case root cause analysis is employed to find the causes and identify corrective actions.
- In chess, a problem is a puzzle set by somebody using chess pieces on a chess board, for others to get instruction or intellectual satisfaction from determining the solution.
- In theology, there is what is referred to as the Synoptic Problem, regarding the Gospels' relationship to each other.
- In academic discourse a problem is a challenge to an assumption, an apparent conflict that requires synthesis and reconciliation. It is a normal part of systematic thinking, the address of which adds to or detracts from the veracity of a conclusion or idea.
- An optimization problem is finding the best solution from all feasible solutions. A good example of this type of problem is the travelling salesperson problem which is based on calculating the most efficient route between many places
- In computability theory a decision problem requires a simple yes-or-no answer.
- In rock climbing a problem is a series of rocks that forces the climber to climb.
- In reading, a problem is a combination of a series of words with the overall plotline, which the reader must attempt to decipher.
- In walking, a mobility problem is presented. Motion is achieved via mechanical interaction of the legs and a surface.
- Popular hip-hop/R&B artist Jay-Z claims to have 99 problems, of which he reports precisely 0 are women. (By comparison, similarly popular hip-hop/R&B artist Kid Cudi reports that, of his own 99 problems, precisely 99 of them are women.)
See also
External links
- Problems Problem brainstorming site with tools to solve them.
References
- ^ The Puzzle Master. Alexandria, Virginia, USA: Time-Life Books. 1989. pp. 32. ISBN 0809709287.